機房(fang)(fang)防雷(lei)是(shi)一個(ge)系(xi)統的(de)工(gong)程，對于每個(ge)公(gong)司來說都非(fei)常重要，而我(wo)們往往不(bu)把它當(dang)回事，當(dang)發生(sheng)設備損壞的(de)時(shi)候才想到(dao)可能(neng)是(shi)雷(lei)擊的(de)緣(yuan)故，然而防患于未然才是(shi)正(zheng)道，所以，機房(fang)(fang)防雷(lei)接地(di)系(xi)統施工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)到(dao)底怎么樣的(de)呢(ni)？下面就讓我(wo)們一起(qi)來學習(xi)關于機房(fang)(fang)防雷(lei)接地(di)系(xi)統施工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)知識吧！

 機房防雷接地系統施工工藝

一、首先先來了解一下接地系統

接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是(shi)避雷(lei)技術最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)環節，不管是(shi)直擊(ji)雷(lei)、感(gan)應(ying)雷(lei)、或其他形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)，最終都是(shi)把雷(lei)電流送入大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。因(yin)此，沒有合理而良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)是(shi)不能可靠地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)避雷(lei)的(de)(de)(de)。接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)電阻(zu)(zu)越(yue)小，散流就越(yue)快，被(bei)雷(lei)擊(ji)物(wu)體高電位(wei)保(bao)持時(shi)間(jian)(jian)就越(yue)短，危險性就越(yue)小。對于計算機(ji)場地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)電阻(zu)(zu)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)≤4歐(ou)姆(mu)，并且采取共用(yong)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)方法將避雷(lei)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、電器(qi)安全接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、交(jiao)流地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、直流地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)統一為一個接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。如有特殊要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)設置(zhi)獨立(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，則(ze)應(ying)在兩地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)網間(jian)(jian)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)極(ji)保(bao)護器(qi)連接(jie)(jie)，這樣，兩地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)網之間(jian)(jian)平時(shi)是(shi)獨立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)，防(fang)止干(gan)擾，當雷(lei)電流來(lai)到時(shi)兩地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)網間(jian)(jian)通(tong)過地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)極(ji)保(bao)護器(qi)瞬間(jian)(jian)連通(tong)，形(xing)成等電位(wei)連接(jie)(jie)。

防(fang)雷(lei)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要的(de)(de)方面是(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)地以(yi)及(ji)引下線路的(de)(de)布線工(gong)程(cheng)，整個工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)防(fang)雷(lei)效果甚至(zhi)防(fang)雷(lei)器件是(shi)(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)起作用都取決(jue)于(yu)此，所以(yi)應(ying)該認真的(de)(de)系統的(de)(de)研究(jiu)。 電(dian)(dian)力(li)、電(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)的(de)(de)接(jie)地，是(shi)(shi)(shi)保障設備(bei)安全、操作人員安全和設備(bei)正常運(yun)行的(de)(de)必要措(cuo)施。可以(yi)認為，凡(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)與電(dian)(dian)網連接(jie)的(de)(de)所有儀(yi)器設備(bei)都應(ying)當接(jie)地；凡(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)需(xu)要到(dao)達的(de)(de)地方，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)地工(gong)程(cheng)需(xu)要做到(dao)的(de)(de)地方，從而使(shi)人體避免(mian)觸電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)危險。

二、防雷接地

為使雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)泄(xie)入大地(di)(di)(di)，使被保(bao)護物免遭直擊雷(lei)(lei)或(huo)感應(ying)雷(lei)(lei)等(deng)浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)過電(dian)(dian)壓、過電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)危(wei)害，所有(you)建(jian)筑物、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備、線路、網絡等(deng)不帶電(dian)(dian)金(jin)屬(shu)部分，金(jin)屬(shu)護套，避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器，以及(ji)一(yi)切水、氣(qi)管道等(deng)均應(ying)與防雷(lei)(lei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)作金(jin)屬(shu)性連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。防雷(lei)(lei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)包括避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)針、帶、線、網，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)引下(xia)線、接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)引入線、接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)匯集線、接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)體(ti)等(deng)。為防止反擊，以往的(de)防雷(lei)(lei)規范對防雷(lei)(lei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)與其他接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)間提(ti)出一(yi)整套限制措施，即規定(ding)兩類接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)體(ti)和接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)線之(zhi)間的(de)最短(duan)距離。在有(you)些情況下(xia)，間距無(wu)法拉開到(dao)規定(ding)值時，則要采用嚴密(mi)的(de)絕緣措施。

三、接地的種類

供電(dian)系統用變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)性點直接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)；以及電(dian)器(qi)設備在正常工作(zuo)(zuo)情況下，不帶電(dian)的(de)(de)金屬(shu)部分與接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)體之間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)良好(hao)的(de)(de)金屬(shu)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，都(dou)稱為接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)，前者為工作(zuo)(zuo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)，后者為保(bao)護(hu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)。配電(dian)變壓(ya)器(qi)低壓(ya)側的(de)(de)中(zhong)性點直接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)，則(ze)此中(zhong)性點叫做(zuo)零(ling)點，由中(zhong)性點引出的(de)(de)線叫做(zuo)零(ling)線。用電(dian)設備的(de)(de)金屬(shu)外殼直接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)到零(ling)線上，稱接(jie)(jie)(jie)零(ling)。在接(jie)(jie)(jie)零(ling)系統中(zhong)，如(ru)果(guo)發生接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)故障(zhang)即形(xing)成(cheng)單相(xiang)短路，使保(bao)護(hu)裝置迅速(su)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)，斷(duan)開故障(zhang)設備，從而使人體避免觸電(dian)的(de)(de)危險。

四、防雷等電位連接

接(jie)(jie)閃裝(zhuang)置(zhi)在(zai)捕獲(huo)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，引(yin)下線(xian)立即升(sheng)至高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，會對(dui)防(fang)雷(lei)系統周(zhou)圍的尚處(chu)于(yu)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的導(dao)體(ti)產(chan)生(sheng)旁側閃絡(luo)，并(bing)使其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)升(sheng)高，進而(er)對(dui)人(ren)員和(he)設備構成(cheng)危(wei)害。為了減少(shao)這種閃絡(luo)危(wei)險，最簡單的辦(ban)法是(shi)采用均壓(ya)環，將處(chu)于(yu)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的導(dao)體(ti)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)起來(lai)，一直到(dao)接(jie)(jie)地裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。臺站(zhan)內的金屬設施、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備，如(ru)果(guo)其與(yu)防(fang)雷(lei)系統的導(dao)體(ti)，特別(bie)是(shi)接(jie)(jie)閃裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的距離達不到(dao)規定的安全要求時，則應該(gai)用較(jiao)粗的導(dao)線(xian)把它(ta)們與(yu)防(fang)雷(lei)系統進行等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)。這樣在(zai)閃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過時，臺站(zhan)內的所(suo)有設施立即形(xing)成(cheng)一個“等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)島”，保證導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)件之間不產(chan)生(sheng)有害的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)差，不發生(sheng)旁側閃絡(luo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。完善的等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)還可以(yi)防(fang)止閃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流入地造(zao)成(cheng)的地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)升(sheng)高所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的反(fan)擊(ji)。

等(deng)電位(wei)(wei)連(lian)接的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)，在(zai)于減少需(xu)要防(fang)雷的(de)(de)空(kong)間內各金(jin)屬部(bu)件和(he)(he)各系(xi)(xi)統(tong)之間的(de)(de)電位(wei)(wei)差。穿(chuan)過各防(fang)雷區(qu)(qu)交界(jie)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬部(bu)件和(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，以及在(zai)一個(ge)防(fang)雷區(qu)(qu)內部(bu)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬部(bu)件和(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，都應(ying)在(zai)防(fang)雷區(qu)(qu)交界(jie)處做等(deng)電位(wei)(wei)連(lian)接。應(ying)采用等(deng)電位(wei)(wei)連(lian)接線和(he)(he)螺(luo)栓緊固的(de)(de)線夾在(zai)等(deng)電位(wei)(wei)連(lian)接帶(dai)做等(deng)電位(wei)(wei)連(lian)接，而(er)且當(dang)需(xu)要時，應(ying)采用避雷器(qi)做暫態等(deng)電位(wei)(wei)連(lian)接。

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