不間斷電源(UPS)在網絡數據機房領域應用十分廣泛。在網絡數據機房中安裝UPS(不間斷電源)供電系統越來越普遍。一個設計良好的UPS供電系統能給負載提供質優電源。如何建立一個合理的、安全的UPS供電系統成為大家(jia)關(guan)注的問(wen)題。本(ben)文從(cong)UPS供電系統配置各方面進行(xing)論(lun)述，以供同行(xing)參考。

1、對UPS前級供電系統的要求

UPS可以(yi)向(xiang)負載提供(gong)穩(wen)壓精度高(gao)(gao)、穩(wen)頻、波形失真度小的高(gao)(gao)質量網絡(luo)數據電源，并且在與靜態(tai)旁(pang)路切換(huan)時(shi)可以(yi)做(zuo)到供(gong)電無間斷。但(dan)要(yao)做(zuo)到這點(dian)，它的前(qian)級供(gong)電質量不容忽視。我們在設計網絡(luo)數據機房前(qian)級供(gong)電系統時(shi)，應考慮以(yi)下幾(ji)個方面：

(1)前(qian)級供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)質量不宜(yi)太(tai)差，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)及頻率(lv)應穩定在(zai)正常范(fan)(fan)圍。一般(ban)地講，大(da)(da)容量UPS主(zhu)機輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍應為380V±25％。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過低，將使(shi)(shi)UPS備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池頻繁放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因(yin)長期處于欠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態而(er)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮(suo)短它的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命；相(xiang)反，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過高(gao)，則易引起逆變(bian)器(qi)損壞。對于旁路(lu)(lu)輸(shu)入，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)頻率(lv)波動也(ye)有(you)一定的(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍，一般(ban)為額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)±10％，額(e)定頻率(lv)±15％。如果前(qian)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)化范(fan)(fan)圍過大(da)(da)，就會導(dao)致(zhi)逆變(bian)器(qi)和(he)旁路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)之間的(de)(de)切(qie)換被禁止或(huo)(huo)有(you)間斷。因(yin)此，如果網(wang)絡數(shu)據機’房(fang)的(de)(de)前(qian)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍上達不到要求，應在(zai)UPS前(qian)級配(pei)置合適的(de)(de)抗*交(jiao)流穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，但不宜(yi)采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)管(guan)型交(jiao)流穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)或(huo)(huo)磁飽和(he)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，因(yin)為這兩類穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)在(zai)開機時可產生瞬時高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，輸(shu)出(chu)波形失真度也(ye)較大(da)(da)，易造成UPS故障。

(2)前級供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中不應當帶(dai)有頻繁(fan)啟動負(fu)(fu)載，比(bi)如經常使用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯，頻繁(fan)開(kai)(kai)啟的空調等。原(yuan)因是(shi)在這些負(fu)(fu)載開(kai)(kai)、關機時(shi)會出現(xian)瞬(shun)間高低壓，使供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路上電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波形(xing)失真(zhen)度過(guo)大，造成UPS市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)旁路供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)逆(ni)變器供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路誤動作，進(jin)而引起同步控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路故障。所(suo)以在條件許可下，宜將UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源盡可置于電(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸入的前端(duan)。

(3)前級(ji)供電系(xi)統中(zhong)的交流發(fa)電機組容量(liang)(liang)應適當放大(da)。大(da)多(duo)數網絡(luo)數據機房(fang)都備(bei)有發(fa)電機組，以解決較長時間停電難(nan)以供電問(wen)題。但在配(pei)置發(fa)電機組時，其(qi)容量(liang)(liang)應考慮不(bu)少于UPS電源額(e)定輸出功率的1.5~2倍，以保(bao)證發(fa)電機輸出電壓、頻率正(zheng)常，并改(gai)善其(qi)波形(xing)失真度(du)。

2、UPS容量的確定

根據負載容(rong)量(liang)(liang)及性質，選擇(ze)適當的UPS，既可保證(zheng)UPS的供電質量(liang)(liang)，降低(di)故障率(lv)，又可節省投(tou)資，提高經(jing)濟(ji)效益。一般來說，UPS容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的確定主(zhu)要是要滿足當前負載的需要，同時，也要考(kao)慮幾個因素：

（1）UPS負載容(rong)量選(xuan)型原則:

A.當負載(zai)為(wei)計算機負載(zai):UPS容(rong)量計算方法：UPS容(rong)量=設(she)計負載(zai)功率÷0.8(UPS輸出功率因數)÷0.6(UPS主機理(li)想負載(zai)為(wei)輸出功率的60%)=需(xu)要設(she)計容(rong)量

B.例(li)如:現在(zai)機房負載為60KW

UPS容量=60000W÷0.8(UPS輸(shu)出功(gong)率因數)÷0.6(UPS主機理(li)想(xiang)負載為輸(shu)出功(gong)率的(de)60%)=125KVA(需要設計容量

C.一般UPS功(gong)率為(wei)整數,并且雙數比較(jiao)多考慮(lv)以后擴容因此(ci)選擇一臺140KVAUPS比較(jiao)理想(xiang)。

(2)UPS容(rong)量較負(fu)載不宜(yi)過(guo)(guo)大，以免使其過(guo)(guo)度輕載運行。過(guo)(guo)度輕載運行雖(sui)有利于降低逆(ni)變器的損(sun)壞(huai)概率，但可(ke)能(neng)造成(cheng)市(shi)電(dian)停(ting)電(dian)時，電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流過(guo)(guo)小而放(fang)(fang)電(dian)時間偏長，在電(dian)池(chi)保護裝(zhuang)置故障時，電(dian)池(chi)組被深度放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，而遭(zao)損(sun)壞(huai)。

(3)UPS容量不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)過小(xiao)，以免(mian)使其(qi)長(chang)期處于(yu)重載(zai)運行(xing)狀態。這樣雖可節省一(yi)部分(fen)投資，但由于(yu)逆變器處于(yu)重載(zai)運行(xing)，其(qi)輸出波形將發生畸變，輸出電壓幅值抖動過大(da)。這樣既不(bu)能為(wei)負載(zai)提供質優網絡(luo)數據電源，還極(ji)易造(zao)成UPS逆變器的損(sun)壞(huai)，所以，即使從經(jing)濟角度(du)講也是得(de)不(bu)償失(shi)。根(gen)據目前一(yi)些(xie)UPS廠家推薦(jian)，UPS負載(zai)量不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)長(chang)期超(chao)過其(qi)額(e)定容量的80％，60%較為(wei)理想。

成都欣榮泰實業有限公司成立于2001年，是一家從事弱電工程，機房建設，綜合布線，視頻監控的研發、設計、生產(chan)與銷售一體的高新技術企業(ye)。